Jonathan Castillo (jcs)
fd25400847
Friday afternoon cleanup. This is required so we can use "make test", as
there are currently hundreds of errors. For now, it is unusable because
of the oldest code in this repo.
closes odoo/documentation#3544
X-original-commit: 26ddeef42c
Signed-off-by: Castillo Jonathan (jcs) <jcs@odoo.com>
196 lines
7.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
196 lines
7.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
=================
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Deferred revenues
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=================
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**Deferred revenues**, or **unearned revenue**, are payments made in advance by customers for
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products yet to deliver or services yet to render.
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Such payments are a **liability** for the company that receives them since it still owes its
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customers these products or services. The company cannot report them on the current **Profit and
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Loss statement**, or *Income Statement*, since the payments will be effectively earned in the future.
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These future revenues must be deferred on the company's balance sheet until the moment in time they
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can be **recognized**, at once or over a defined period, on the Profit and Loss statement.
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For example, let's say we sell a five-year extended warranty for $ 350. We already receive the money
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now but haven't earned it yet. Therefore, we post this new income in a deferred revenue account and
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decide to recognize it on a yearly basis. Each year, for the next 5 years, $ 70 will be recognized
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as revenue.
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Odoo Accounting handles deferred revenues by spreading them in multiple entries that are
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automatically created in *draft mode* and then posted periodically.
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.. note::
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The server checks once a day if an entry must be posted. It might then take up to 24 hours before
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you see a change from *draft* to *posted*.
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Prerequisites
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=============
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Such transactions must be posted on a **Deferred Revenue Account** rather than on the default income
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account.
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Configure a Deferred Revenue Account
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------------------------------------
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To configure your account in the **Chart of Accounts**, go to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
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Configuration --> Chart of Accounts`, click on *Create*, and fill out the form.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues01.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Configuration of a Deferred Revenue Account in Odoo Accounting
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.. note::
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This account's type must be either *Current Liabilities* or *Non-current Liabilities*
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Post an income to the right account
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-----------------------------------
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Select the account on a draft invoice
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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On a draft invoice, select the right account for all the products of which the incomes must be
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deferred.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues02.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Selection of a Deferred Revenue Account on a draft invoice in Odoo Accounting
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Choose a different Income Account for specific products
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Start editing the product, go to the *Accounting* tab, select the right **Income Account**, and
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save.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues03.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Change of the Income Account for a product in Odoo
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.. tip::
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It is possible to automate the creation of revenue entries for these products (see:
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`Automate the Deferred Revenues`_).
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Change the account of a posted journal item
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To do so, open your Sales Journal by going to
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:menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Sales`, select the journal item you
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want to modify, click on the account, and select the right one.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues04.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Modification of a posted journal item's account in Odoo Accounting
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Deferred Revenues entries
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=========================
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Create a new entry
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------------------
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A **Deferred Revenues entry** automatically generates all journal entries in *draft mode*. They are
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then posted one by one at the right time until the full amount of the income is recognized.
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To create a new entry, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Deferred Revenues`, click
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on *Create*, and fill out the form.
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Click on **select related purchases** to link an existing journal item to this new entry. Some
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fields are then automatically filled out, and the journal item is now listed under the **Related
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Sales** tab.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues05.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Deferred Revenue entry in Odoo Accounting
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Once done, you can click on *Compute Revenue* (next to the *Confirm* button) to generate all the
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values of the **Revenue Board**. This board shows you all the entries that Odoo will post to
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recognize your revenue, and at which date.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues06.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Revenue Board in Odoo Accounting
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What does "Prorata Temporis" mean?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The **Prorata Temporis** feature is useful to recognize your revenue the most accurately possible.
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With this feature, the first entry on the Revenue Board is computed based on the time left between
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the *Prorata Date* and the *First Recognition Date* rather than the default amount of time between
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recognitions.
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For example, the Revenue Board above has its first revenue with an amount of $ 4.22 rather than
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$ 70.00. Consequently, the last entry is also lower and has an amount of $ 65.78.
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Deferred Entry from the Sales Journal
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-------------------------------------
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You can create a deferred entry from a specific journal item in your **Sales Journal**.
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To do so, open your Sales Journal by going to
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:menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Sales`, and select the journal item you want to defer.
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Make sure that it is posted in the right account (see:
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`Change the account of a posted journal item`_).
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Then, click on *Action*, select **Create Deferred Entry**, and fill out the form the same way you
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would do to `create a new entry`_.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues07.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Create Deferred Entry from a journal item in Odoo Accounting
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Deferred Revenue Models
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=======================
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You can create **Deferred Revenue Models** to create your Deferred Revenue entries faster.
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To create a model, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Deferred Revenue Models`,
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click on *Create*, and fill out the form the same way you would do to create a new entry.
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.. tip::
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You can also convert a *confirmed Deferred Revenue entry* into a model by
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opening it from :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Deferred
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Revenues` and then, by clicking on the button *Save Model*.
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Apply a Deferred Revenue Model to a new entry
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---------------------------------------------
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When you create a new Deferred Revenue entry, fill out the **Deferred Revenue Account** with the
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right recognition account.
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New buttons with all the models linked to that account appear at the top of the form. Clicking on a
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model button fills out the form according to that model.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues08.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Deferred Revenue model button in Odoo Accounting
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.. _deferred-revenues-automation:
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Automate the Deferred Revenues
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==============================
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When you create or edit an account of which the type is either *Current Liabilities* or *Non-current
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Liabilities*, you can configure it to defer the revenues that are credited on it automatically.
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You have three choices for the **Automate Deferred Revenue** field:
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#. **No:** this is the default value. Nothing happens.
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#. **Create in draft:** whenever a transaction is posted on the account, a draft *Deferred Revenues
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entry* is created, but not validated. You must first fill out the form in
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:menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Deferred Revenues`.
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#. **Create and validate:** you must also select a Deferred Revenue Model (see:
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`Deferred Revenue Models`_). Whenever a transaction is posted on the account, a *Deferred
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Revenues entry* is created and immediately validated.
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.. image:: deferred_revenues/deferred_revenues09.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Automate Deferred Revenue on an account in Odoo Accounting
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.. tip::
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You can, for example, select this account as the default **Income Account** of a product to fully
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automate its sale. (see: `Choose a different Income Account for specific products`_).
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.. seealso::
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* :doc:`../../getting_started/initial_configuration/chart_of_accounts`
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* `Odoo Academy: Deferred Revenues (Recognition) <https://www.odoo.com/r/EWO>`_
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