[MOV] MRP: Create subcontracting scope

closes odoo/documentation#9102

X-original-commit: d38eb79411
Signed-off-by: Samuel Lieber (sali) <sali@odoo.com>
Signed-off-by: John Holton (hojo) <hojo@odoo.com>

content/applications/inventory_and_mrp/manufacturing/subcontracting.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+:show-content:
+
+==============
+Subcontracting
+==============
+
+.. |BoM| replace:: :abbr:`BoM (Bill of Materials)`
+
+In manufacturing, *subcontracting* is the process of a company engaging a third-party manufacturer,
+or subcontractor, to manufacture products that are then sold by the contracting company.
+
+Subcontracting provides a variety of benefits for both the contracting company and the
+subcontractor.
+
+For the contracting company, subcontracting allows them to sell a wide variety of manufactured
+products, without having to worry about investing in and maintaining the equipment and labor
+required to handle the manufacturing themselves.
+
+This helps contracting companies stay flexible throughout economic cycles, as they can easily
+increase or decrease their engagements with subcontractors, as necessitated by the current moment.
+It also means they are able to focus on tasks they excel at, while delegating more specialized work
+to subcontractors.
+
+On the other side of the relationship, subcontracting allows subcontractors to specialize in more
+niche areas of production, which might not be as profitable outside the bounds of a subcontracting
+engagement. In certain arrangements, it also provides them with the flexibility to choose which
+projects they accept or decline, and how many they work on at any given time.
+
+In Odoo, companies can configure their subcontracting workflows based on a variety of different
+factors, including how components are sourced, and what happens to finished products once they are
+manufactured.
+
+.. cards::
+
+   .. card:: Basic subcontracting
+      :target: subcontracting/subcontracting_basic
+
+      Subcontract products without supplying the subcontractor with components.
+
+   .. card:: Resupply subcontractor
+      :target: subcontracting/subcontracting_resupply
+
+      Ship components to a subcontractor each time a PO for a subcontracted product is confirmed.
+
+   .. card:: Dropship to subcontractor
+      :target: subcontracting/subcontracting_dropship
+
+      Dropship components to a subcontractor each time a PO for a subcontracted product is
+      confirmed.
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+To enable subcontracting in Odoo, navigate to :menuselection:`Manufacturing app --> Configuration
+--> Settings`, and tick the checkbox next to the :guilabel:`Subcontracting` setting, under the
+:guilabel:`Operations` heading. Then, click :guilabel:`Save`.
+
+.. image:: subcontracting/subcontracting-setting.png
+   :align: center
+   :alt: The Subcontracting setting in the manufacturing app.
+
+With subcontracting enabled, a few different features become available in Odoo:
+
+- On bills of materials (BoMs), the *BoM Type* field now includes a *Subcontracting* option.
+  Enabling the *Subcontracting* |BoM| type designates the |BoM|'s product as a subcontracted
+  product, which means Odoo knows that it is produced by a subcontractor, and not by the company
+  that owns the Odoo database.
+- Two subcontracting routes become available in the *Inventory* app, and can be assigned to specific
+  products, on the *Inventory* tab of their product pages:
+
+  - *Resupply Subcontractor on Order*
+  - *Dropship Subcontractor on Order*
+
+Subcontracting workflows
+========================
+
+In Odoo, there are three subcontracting workflows, the main difference between them being *how* the
+subcontractor obtains the necessary components:
+
+- In the *basic* subcontracting workflow, the subcontractor is fully responsible for obtaining the
+  components. This workflow is outlined in the :doc:`subcontracting/subcontracting_basic`
+  documentation.
+- In the *Resupply Subcontractor on Order* workflow, the contracting company sends the components
+  from their warehouse to the subcontractor. This workflow is outlined in the
+  :doc:`subcontracting/subcontracting_resupply` documentation.
+- In the *Dropship Subcontractor on Order* workflow, the contracting company purchases the
+  components from a vendor, and has them delivered directly to the subcontractor. This workflow is
+  outlined in the :doc:`subcontracting/subcontracting_dropship` documentation.
+
+In addition to how a subcontractor obtains components, it is also necessary to consider why a
+product is being subcontracted, as well as what happens to products once they are manufactured by
+the subcontractor.
+
+In terms of why a product is being subcontracted, the two main reasons are to fulfill a customer
+order, or to replenish the quantity of stock on-hand.
+
+In terms of what happens to products once they are manufactured, they can either be shipped to the
+contracting company, or dropshipped directly to an end customer.
+
+Each of the three subcontracting workflows described above can be configured to facilitate any of
+these possibilities, and the methods for doing so are outlined in their respective documentation.
+
+Subcontracted product valuation
+===============================
+
+The valuation of a subcontracted product depends upon a few different variables:
+
+- The cost of the required components, if provided by the contracting company; from here on referred
+  to as `C`.
+- The price paid to the subcontractor for the service of manufacturing the subcontracted product;
+  from here on referred to as `M`.
+- The cost of shipping components to the subcontractor, and having them shipped back to the
+  contracting company; from here on referred to as `S`.
+- The cost of dropshipping, if the components are shipped by the subcontractor to the end customer;
+  from here on referred to as `D`.
+- Any other associated costs, like import taxes, etc.; from here on referred to as `x`.
+
+Therefore, the total valuation of a subcontracted product (`P`) can be represented by the following
+equation:
+
+.. math::
+   P = C + M + S + D + x
+
+It is important to note that not every subcontracted product valuation will include all of these
+variables. For example, if the product is not dropshipped to the end customer, then there is no need
+to factor in the cost of dropshipping.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :titlesonly:
+
+   subcontracting/subcontracting_basic
+   subcontracting/subcontracting_resupply
+   subcontracting/subcontracting_dropship